| KBytes: |
Kilobytes or 1,000 bytes.
|
| LAN: |
Abbreviation for local area network. It refers to
the technology used to connect computers together. It assumes the
computers are located within a few hundred feet of each other. For
example, the computers in an office would be connected together with
LAN technology.
|
| LuraDocument®(*.LDF): |
A wavelet based file format developed by
LuraTech.
LuraDocument is a registered trademark of LuraTech.
|
| macro: |
A single instruction in a higher level language
that results in a series of instructions in a lower level
language.
It is different from a subroutine, because a macro
implies the sub-instructions are in a different language.
|
| macro
language: |
[First Definition]
A language designed to write macro instructions
(usually for another language).
[Second Definition] In the Pac-n-Zoom® system
the macro language is a set of internal instructions for a specific
application that allows a master script (such as Python, Pearl,
Rexx, or others) to operate several applications as a single
solution.
The Pac-n-Zoom program would be one application.
Other applications must be modified to accept the script commands
before they can use this system.
|
| MBytes: |
Megabytes or 1,000,000 bytes.
|
| model
building: |
The process of putting data samples together to
construct a model for rendering by another program. For example, a
number of raster photographs could be used together to build a 3D
model for an animation database.
|
| MPEG:
|
An anacronym that stands for: Motion
Picture Experts Group. It is usually associated with
compressing audio and video files.
|
| noise: |
Unwanted aberrations and distortion in an
electronic signal. Some common types of electronic noise are clock coupling, color flutter, dark current, Johnson noise, among many others.
|
| non-von-Neumann computer: |
Almost all computers use von Neumann architecture
which uses separate instructions and data. A non-von-Neumann
computer is any computer where the data is the instructions.
|
| NTSC: |
An abbreviation for National Television Standards
Committee. It is the conventional television signal broadcasted in
the United States and some other countries.
|
| Nyquist Sampling
Theorem: |
Also known as "Nyquist Theorem" and "Shannon
Sampling Theorem". It was written by Nyquist in 1928 and
mathematically proven by Shannon in 1949. As it applies to us, an
artifact needs to be sampled at least twice or the picture will be
distorted. Therefore, orphan pixels have been proven to be
unreliable because the final constellation of pixels (needed for
extraction) is impossible.
|
| OCR: |
An abbreviation for optical character recognition.
OCR is a computer reading and recognizing text in a document.
|
| wave front
optics: |
In physics, wave front optics are optics that deal
with waves of light. On this site, wave front optics refer to those
optics that try to focus a picture (as opposed to optics that
manipulate light without attempting to reach a focus - for example
the concentration or the dispersion of light). The variation from
the optimal focus causes distortions which Pac-n-Zoom Pre.View
partially corrects.
|
| orphan: |
A pixel with no adjacent neighbor of the same
color.
|
| Pac-n-Zoom data file: |
A data file format that is specific to the
Pac-n-Zoom program. Its extension is *.PNZ.
|
| pipe: |
A mechanism that allows memory contents to be
moved or shared between progams. The process is called piping.
|
| pitch: |
The size of a text character (such as 10 or 12)
|
| pixel: |
A single picture element such as a dot on a page
or a point of light on computer screen.
|
| PNG: |
An open sourced statistical compressor (pronounced
ping) and named after its file extension.
|
| polyline: |
A series of lines that are connected end
to end (in mathematics it called a polygonal chain). They
can be used to define the border of blob.
|
| primary
color: |
A color used to build other colors. In pigments
(i.e., printing), four primary colors are usually used. They consist
of magenta (purplish red), cyan (greenish blue), yellow, and black,
where black is used more for economy and contrast than as a building
block. In light (i.e., computer monitors and television), red,
green, and blue are usually used.
Primary colors are more of
an artistical approximation than a scientific building block.
|
| primitive
vector: |
The vector data outputted from the data tagger.
The primitive vector can be reduced to raster or promoted to another
vector type.
|
| process
controller: |
In Pac-n-Zoom the process controller is a piece of
software that takes the I/O from the master script and distributes
it among the client processes. The process contoller allows
Pac-n-Zoom or other enabled software to be controlled by the master
script. In other words, the process controller allows Pac-n-Zoom to
be easily integrated into an existing software design without
recompilation.
|
| program
memory: |
This memory is fixed in size at the compile time.
It is usually a static or a global. Since they have an exact size,
they are placed within a section of the final linked executable
file.
|
| raster
data: |
Data represented by a series of dots or pixels. To
the computer, the dots are all disconnected, therefore the ability
to extract information from the data is usually limited to the
Fourier and associated transforms.
|
| ray
tracing: |
A computer simulation of light used to design
optics and to enhance vector data.
|
| region: |
A group of pixels that need to be taken together
to extract a feature. As an example, consider a black letter "A" on
a white background. The feature is the letter "A". The extraction we
require is recognition. The "A" is considered to be black, but it
could be 20 different shades of black. A region would include all 20
shades of black.
|
| remote
control: |
A computer program that allows a remote user to
operate a computer over a computer network.
|
| renderable
vector: |
Vector data that can be accurately processed by a
mathematical routine.
|
| resolution enhancement: |
The process of creating more dots or pixels in
raster data. The number of artifacts remains the same, but the grain
of the picture is finer.
|
| segment: |
[First Definition]
Pac-n-Zoom comes with a system for using multiple
programs together (provided that their interface is extended).
Instructions and data can be stored in this simple system. A segment
is used to store either instructions or data inside of a
frame.
[Second
Definition] The process of performing segmentation.
|
| segmentation: |
The process of grouping pixels that are nearly the
same color into regions and blobs.
|
| slew
rate: |
In an image, the maximum speed of pixel to pixel
change. For example, a black to white border might take several
pixels to transition. The slew rate would be the most change between
any two pixels of the transition.
|
| stack
memory: |
This is memory that is allocated for a process. It
is generally used when a function is called. The calling function's
state is stored on the stack until the function is returned.
|
| solution
provider: |
An entity that provides a computing solution. The
most common type of a solution provider is a value added reseller
(VAR), but consultants, integrators, distributors, and other IT
professionals (or amateurs) might also be solution provides.
|
| statistical compressor: |
A compression algorithm that uses probabilistic
analysis. One of the more common statistical compressors uses a
binary tree and a tagging system.
|
| steepest
slopes: |
When image color changes have a high degree of
contrast, it usually takes several image pixels for the change to
occur. For example a steady state color (plateau) might change over
several pixels (slope) before another plateau is reached. The
steepest slope is the pixel that has the most pixel to pixel change.
If more than one pixel has the same change, the pixel that is
furtherest away from the plateaus (or most central to the slope) is
the steepest slope. If two pixels tie in centrality, the west pixel
is the steepest slope.
The steepest slopes are the position
of the actual border before transition distortion clouded the image
while it was being captured.
|
| stitching: |
The process of putting data samples together into
an aggregate data set. For example, several photographs might be
stitched together to make a larger photograph or to construct a
panoramic view.
|
| template
matching: |
The process of comparing one shape to another on a
pixel by pixel basis. The number of pixels that match between the
shapes determine whether the shapes match.
|
| text
editor: |
A computer program that is specifically designed
to edit text.
|
| threshold segmentation: |
Segmentation that uses absolute color to determine
the blob a pixel resides in. For example, if black text were on
white paper, any pixel darker than gray might be considered black
(the foreground), and any pixel lighter than gray might be
considered white (the background).
|
| TIF: |
A compression system know as the tagged
information file format (TIF or TIFF) used mostly in scanning and
FAXing. A *.TIF can have one of several different compression
systems. For example, the bi-tonal *.TIF G4 and G3 or TIFF G4 and
TIFF G3 are the standards in the document handling and FAX
industries respectively.
|
| transform compressor: |
A compression algorithm that uses a mathematical
transform. The most common transform is the discrete cosine
transform which is closely related to the Fourier Transform.
|
| transition: |
A change in colors. A place where one color
changes to another.
|
